Decisions in Action: A Naturalistic Approach to Human Behavior
摘要
In the scientific worldview, there is no clear picture of the causal role that reflection, decision, and action play in changing the course of events. According to the widely held eliminativist view, there is no room for causal roles of the human mind in the closed realm of causes. The social practice of human language is an accessible field of research for studying the behavior of persons as persons that is easily bypassed by eliminativist approaches. Epistemic asymmetries are crucial to decision making. In all their deliberations, persons are well aware that they are affected by what they do in non-substitutable ways. The anxieties of a goalkeeper, a penalty kicker, and a pitcher show that reflecting, deciding, and acting are connected over time. Human behavior is not about random preferences but always about the whole person. In cases where decisions are linked to life plans, we are dealing with deep decisions that explain why persons, at least sometimes, do not follow situational motives. Under favorable epistemic conditions, an observer can make plausible conjectures about how a person is likely to respond to demands and expectations in social space—as long as a new reflection does not emerge. Decisions of persons are not mysterious episodes in the depths of their souls but behavioral manifestations in social space.