This chapter unpacks how modern screen technology affects human attention and cognitive development. It documents concerning cases of children exhibiting “virtual autism” due to excessive screen use, including behavioural problems when screens are removed. The information presented contrasts our evolutionary cognitive development—which thrived on natural environments and quiet reflection—with today’s fragmented attention patterns driven by devices designed to manipulate our dopamine systems through irregular intermittent reinforcement. The chapter provides examples of research indicating that excessive screen time correlates with attention difficulties similar to ADHD, while exposure to natural environments can improve cognitive function. It also argues that constant digital distraction impairs critical developmental processes, including Theory of Mind, metacognition and deep-thinking abilities. Finally, the emphasis of the importance of modelling healthy screen habits and providing opportunities for children to engage with the natural world to support optimal cognitive and social development is set out as way forward for healthy overall development.