Disregarding its various types, cancer is known as one of the most common causes of death worldwide. In 2020, around ten million patients died due to cancer, among which lung cancers account for the most prominent site of cancer leading to death. Cancer imparts a huge burden on patients’ life, families, economic status of societies, and the healthcare system. Given the chronic nature of the disease, various complications patients experience during their disease due to cancer or adverse effects of the administered drugs, and the fact that not for all cancer there are proper treatments available, considerable attention has been attracted to cancer prevention strategies. When it comes to cancer causes, the existing data point out different contributors to the etiopathogenesis, formation, and progression of cancer, with a specific focus on genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, due to the currently available – and still developing – knowledge about cancer, preventive strategies could be easier to apply than in the past decades. To prevent cancer, multiple factors should be considered to reach the expected outcomes. In this chapter, different contributors to cancer prevention are reviewed, aiming to provide a comprehensive guide to cancer prevention either in practice or for future research.