Cancer stands as the foremost cause of mortality on a global scale, characterized by an escalating incidence of cancer diagnoses and the associated burden it imposes. Timely cancer detection emerges as a pivotal approach in mitigating mortality rates. Concurrently, a plethora of innovative methodologies for early cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions are currently under development. Thus, this chapter is poised to concentrate on the realms of diagnosis and therapy. As the compendium of pharmaceutical agents continues to expand, notably including small molecules and protein reagents, the realm of drug delivery is assuming an increasingly paramount role in ensuring effective therapeutic outcomes. Consequently, this chapter also offers a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the field of drug delivery.