The interaction of immune effector cells and cancer is a critical determinant of the therapeutic outcomes in patients influenced by variables related to cancer type and disease stage, patient’s immune status, and the administered therapeutic modality. Additionally, due to the cancer heterogeneity, induction of an effective antitumor immunity requires the orchestration of several critical events that includes tumor antigen release, antigen presentation and activation of the immune effector cells, migration of the effector cells to the tumor, and overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Targeted immunotherapies, via modulation of the host immune responses, have brought significant improvements for patients in terms of survival and life quality. Novel drugs that modulate various steps in the cancer-immunity cycle are being explored with potential impact on both the magnitude and duration of the beneficial effects relative to previous standards of care (i.e., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery). T cell focused therapies are designed to direct cytotoxicity of effector T cells to tumors via targeting specific tumor antigens. In this chapter, advances in T cell therapies for treatment of cancer are discussed.