Using immunotherapy in cancer treatment has provided a glimmer of hope for positive outcomes and has shown remarkable results in cancer management. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are therapeutic agents that modulate the immune system by blocking specific immune checkpoints. However, implementing imaging techniques for this type of immunotherapy has been challenging. This chapter delves into these challenges and proposes potential avenues for future research. At present, ICI therapy is utilized in the treatment of various cancer types. Imaging techniques offer a noninvasive approach to evaluating the response to cancer treatment, monitoring treatment progress, identifying metastases, and using imaging-based biomarkers to assess treatment outcomes. Structural and molecular imaging can also be employed to investigate immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Due to advancements in ICI therapy and imaging methods, imaging will play an expanded role in managing cancer with ICI treatment.