Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel drug category enhancing the patient’s immune response against tumors. Their approval in cancer therapeutic armamentarium has become a cornerstone for modern oncology. Endocrinopathies are recorded among the most common adverse events related with immunotherapy, and their severity varies from mild to life-threatening. The main endocrine glands affected are the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals, and the pancreas. Rare ICI endocrine consequences are primary hypogonadism, primary hypoparathyroidism, lipodystrophy, and Cushing’s disease. The mainstay of management of ICI-related endocrinopathies is hormone replacement and symptom control. In severe cases ICIs’ discontinuation and steroid therapy may be required. The aim of this chapter is to quote the endocrine complications of cancer immunotherapy, as well as to provide strategies for their screening, monitoring, and management in order to minimize the burden of the disease.

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Endocrine Consequences Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Therapy

  • Aikaterini Lavrentaki,
  • Georgia Ntali

摘要

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel drug category enhancing the patient’s immune response against tumors. Their approval in cancer therapeutic armamentarium has become a cornerstone for modern oncology. Endocrinopathies are recorded among the most common adverse events related with immunotherapy, and their severity varies from mild to life-threatening. The main endocrine glands affected are the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals, and the pancreas. Rare ICI endocrine consequences are primary hypogonadism, primary hypoparathyroidism, lipodystrophy, and Cushing’s disease. The mainstay of management of ICI-related endocrinopathies is hormone replacement and symptom control. In severe cases ICIs’ discontinuation and steroid therapy may be required. The aim of this chapter is to quote the endocrine complications of cancer immunotherapy, as well as to provide strategies for their screening, monitoring, and management in order to minimize the burden of the disease.