Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD) are at higher risk of cancer. This is explained by chronic inflammation, lack of clearance of oncogenic viral infections, and immunosuppressor drugs and other specific treatments used in AIRD. Conversely, AIRD prevalence is increased during malignancy as a result of antitumoral drugs but also due to the overexpression of mutated antigens in tumor which will be detected as foreign antigens and trigger autoimmune systemic reaction. Hematological cancers are the most frequent cancers associated with AIRD especially connective tissue diseases. To establish an evidence-based recommendation on how to screen for cancers during AIRD seems to be complex but needs further investigations.