This study addresses the challenges involved in the implementation of an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system in a business environment, analyzing theoretical and practical aspects through a case study. In the context of increasing competitiveness, ERP systems have emerged as essential tools to integrate processes, optimize business management, and provide real-time information for decision-making. However, their implementation presents significant challenges, such as resistance to change, cultural misalignment, and the need for adaptations in internal processes. Through a literature review and a case study conducted in a seafood industry, this study explores the stages of ERP implementation, identifying the obstacles faced and the solutions applied. The research highlighted the importance of detailed planning, user training, and continuous monitoring to ensure the project’s success. The results suggest that, despite initial difficulties, ERP systems can offer significant improvements in process management, inventory control, and real-time production monitoring. It is concluded that ERP implementation requires not only investments in technology but also effective change management strategies and training to ensure acceptance and efficient use. This study contributes to the understanding of the complexities associated with ERP implementation, providing valuable insights for managers and professionals in the field, as well as establishing a foundation for future research on innovations and best practices in business management with integrated systems.