Soil degradation has significant repercussions for the environment, food security, and human well-being. It is characterized by the deterioration of soil quality and productivity, which primarily impacts agricultural output, biodiversity, and ecological balance. This process leads to the loss of arable land and increases the vulnerability of communities to extreme climatic events. Moreover, soil degradation is a major driver of desertification. Mitigating soil degradation requires integrated efforts that combine sustainable practices in agricultural and natural resource management with conservation and restoration strategies. Ensuring soil health is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and combating desertification. This chapter examines the causes and impacts of soil degradation while presenting innovative and sustainable strategies for mitigation in the context of climate change. Among these are regenerative agriculture, efficient irrigation systems, cover cropping, reforestation, and grassland management—all of which enhance water and nutrient retention and contribute to ecosystem restoration. Additionally, this chapter highlights the role of advanced technologies, such as soil sensors, remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and simulation models, in accurately monitoring soil health and guiding informed decision-making for conservation. These strategies illustrate how the integration of cutting-edge technologies, responsible agricultural practices, and supportive policies can not only mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on soil but also promote resilient and sustainable agricultural systems for the future.