The introduction explores the research questions and theoretical framework by defining key terms related to the subject, such as witchcraft discourse, cumulative concepts of witchcraft, diabolism, maleficium, and local terminology for magic practitioners. It also delves into broader theories and concepts, including confessionalization, acculturation, borderlands, and the distinction between popular and learned cultures. Readers gain insights into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, learning about the cultural, political, and legal factors that shaped the distinctive nature of Lithuanian witch-hunting. The text emphasizes the complexity and diversity of witchcraft beliefs, challenging the idea that they stem solely from ignorance or religious fanaticism. By introducing the functionalist explanatory paradigm, it argues that belief in witchcraft plays a certain role in maintaining social order and stability within communities. Additionally, the concept of scapegoating emerges, demonstrating how witchcraft accusations provide a culturally acceptable outlet for hate and aggression, while reducing harm to the broader community.