This chapter explores the intricate relationship between work, earnings, and poverty in Ghana, drawing on recent national datasets to present a socio-economic profile of the working-age population of Ghana. By synthesising data from the 2021 Population and Housing Census, the 2022 Annual Household Income and Expenditure Survey, and earlier rounds of the Ghana Living Standards Survey, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of labour market dynamics and poverty trends, offering critical insights for policymakers, researchers, and development practitioners. Despite Ghana’s progress in reducing monetary poverty, a significant portion of the population remains economically vulnerable, particularly those in informal employment. In 2021, three out of four employed individuals worked in the informal sector, likely without job security, social protection, or formal contracts. One in four workers earned below the national minimum wage, highlighting the prevalence of working poverty in the country. This chapter delves into multidimensional poverty, revealing that nearly a third of the population experiences deprivation across health, education, and living conditions, with stark disparities by geography, gender, and educational attainment. Youth and women are disproportionately affected, with high rates of vulnerable employment and limited access to social services. The analysis also highlights regional variations in unemployment and poverty, with the northern and rural areas facing the greatest challenges. Policy interventions such as the Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP), National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), and free education policies remain insufficiently aligned with the distribution of poverty. This chapter calls for targeted investments in decent work and social protection to harness the demographic dividend.