Cardiologists may assess heart function and structure using various diagnostic and imaging tests. Stress testing is one available option to evaluate how well the heart can function under physical stress. It is useful in diagnosing or ruling out coronary artery disease and predicting a person’s risk of a heart attack. A standard stress test involves exercising on a treadmill while gradually increasing the speed and incline and monitoring blood pressure and electrocardiogram changes. Alternative methods like pharmacologic and nuclear stress testing can be used to accommodate those with physical limitations or baseline ECG abnormalities, respectively. Cardiac catheterization is the most definitive test, although invasive, that can be used to diagnose and treat coronary artery blockages. Before any of these procedures, it is important to visit a healthcare provider for any necessary bloodwork, imaging, or medication adjustments to ensure definitive results.