The transportation sector significantly contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, yet it often lacks comprehensive strategies for effective mitigation. Current approaches tend to focus narrowly on improving vehicle efficiency and reducing traffic volumes, which oversimplifies the complex challenges faced by this sector. This chapter argues that a more integrated and systematic proposal for mitigation measures is essential, particularly within the framework of environmental impact assessments. The proposed approach is global, referencing researches and key studies from all around the word. The central point is that the development of a clear typology of mitigation measures—encompassing preventive, corrective, and compensatory strategies—is crucial for addressing the climate impacts of transportation projects. By prioritizing prevention and incorporating actionable strategies at the project level, this study seeks to fill a significant gap in existing methodologies. Through a thorough analysis of current practices, literature review, and insights from international best practices, the chapter proposes a strategic management framework aimed at enhancing the environmental performance of transport systems. It emphasizes the need for local and regional authorities to take ownership of implementation processes, ensuring that interventions are contextually relevant and effective. Ultimately, this research aims to contribute to the sustainable development of transport systems that are resilient to climate change and aligned with broader environmental goals.