China’s involvement in Chile’s transport sector has prompted both optimism and concern about potential risks that such involvement could bring about. Relying on a mixed-method approach encompassing quantitative and qualitative analyses, this chapter explores Chinese investment dynamics in Chile’s transport sector, evaluating its implications for Chile’s economic growth, as well as Latin America’s and China’s. Attention is paid to the relevance of bilateral political and economic engagements, market policies, infrastructure governance, institutional building, and China’s technological prowess for the lasting success of such investments. The chapter argues that China’s investment in and strategy for the Chilean transport sector have potential to satisfy Chile’s requirements and open avenues for economic growth. Moreover, it contends that Chile’s infrastructure governance and institution building efforts help mitigate concerns surrounding Chinese investments, effectively averting the pitfalls associated with potential sovereignty-related debt distress.