This study uses advanced geospatial technologies to examine the dynamics of Land Use Land Cover (LULC) changes, agricultural development, and their impacts on water storage (WS) in Haora district, West Bengal, India. Spanning 1467 square kilometers, Haora district has experienced significant LULC transformations between 2001 and 2011, closely linked to a substantial decline in WS. The district’s population, which has grown to 4.8 million at an annual rate of 13.3%, coupled with a density of 3300 people per km2, has intensified water demand, primarily sourced from groundwater and surface water, including the Bhagirathi-Hugli and Rupnarayan rivers. Using GIS and remotely sensed data from Landsat TM, ETM+, Bhuvan LISS-3, and AWiFS, this study analyzes LULC dynamics, urbanization trends, shifts in agricultural patterns, irrigation, and WS using geospatial techniques, NDBI, cropping intensity, irrigation, and surface and groundwater storage statuses. Key findings indicate a 15% expansion in agricultural land, a 10% reduction in water bodies, and a 12% average decline in WS, particularly in the northern blocks. This research addresses critical literature gaps by establishing links between LULC changes and WS variations, emphasizing the urgent need for integrated land and water management strategies. The study contributes to the field by offering a comprehensive assessment of how urbanization and agricultural expansion impact water resources, providing actionable insights for sustainable resource management in rapidly changing environments.