The Impact of Intellectual Capital, Public Relations on Firm Performance in Jordanian Industrial Sector
摘要
This study investigates the relationship the VAIC™ and firm performance among Jordanian industrial firms before and after the 2011 Arab uprisings, with a focus on the role of PR and marketing. Using 2008–2017, the research compares the impact of intellectual capital components – human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE), and capital employed efficiency (CEE) – on earnings per share (EPS) and the market-to-book ratio (M/B). The findings indicate a significant decline in performance metrics after the uprisings, reflecting the adverse political and economic conditions faced by Jordanian firms. However, firms that effectively capital (RC) and stabilize firm performance during the crisis.