Balancing efficiency and benevolence in private hospitals is crucial for maintaining quality care while managing costs. Implementing policies like Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in countries such as Indonesia requires private hospitals to navigate reimbursement systems while ensuring quality of care and patient satisfaction. Research on how efficiency and benevolence impact hospital performance is scarce but remains essential, as patient trust and positive experiences are crucial. Additionally, organizational factors need to be considered to understand their impact on hospital performance. This quantitative cross-sectional study involved 214 healthcare workers from accredited private hospitals in Indonesia. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires focusing on hospital operational efficiency, benevolence, and hospital performance. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study found that clinical pathway implementation, patient safety promotion, and performance-based evaluations were positively linked to hospital operational efficiency and benevolence. However, physician leadership and e-medical record utilization showed no significant impact (p > 0.005; CI 95%). Performance-based evaluation positively improves both hospital operational efficiency and hospital operational benevolence. Hospital operational efficiency and hospital operational benevolence parallelly have a positive and significant relation with hospital performance (R2 = 0.477). The optimization of hospital performance should be achieved through the interplay of hospital operational efficiency and hospital operational benevolence.