This chapter examines the environmental risks and societal impacts associated with Sardinia’s militarization, focusing mostly on two key case studies: the US Navy base for nuclear submarines on La Maddalena Archipelago and the Quirra Interforce Experimental Training Range (PISQ). These cases highlight the long-term consequences of military secrecy and environmental neglect, including radiological risks, contamination from military exercises, and the public health crisis known as “Quirra Syndrome.” The chapter explores how institutional actors leveraged secrecy and denial to obscure the risks and responsibilities tied to military activities, fostering public mistrust and eroding military-civil relations. Through a critical analysis of legal frameworks, techno-political strategies, and public responses, the chapter delves into the complex interplay of modernization, environmental justice, and neocolonial dynamics. It underscores how military presence has transformed Sardinia into a testing ground, exacerbating socio-economic dependences and perpetuating environmental injustices. Public resistance, driven by grassroots movements and local communities, is contextualized within broader discourses on sovereignty, transparency, and ecological rights. By juxtaposing the cases of La Maddalena and PISQ, the chapter highlights the ethical and environmental challenges posed by militarization and the ongoing struggle for accountability and justice in Sardinia.