The Second Lateran Council deemed all marriages of priests invalid in 1139 and introduced the ethos of the celibate priest living in sexual restraint. This ethos came to its ultimate form in the thirteenth century. However, concubinage of clerics continued to appear in synodal statutes of Polish dioceses, e.g. in a document issued by Bishop Pełka in 1233. In the second half of the fifteenth century, Bishop of Kraków Tomasz Strzępiński ordered priests to get rid of all women of dubious reputation from their surroundings. Thus, Church authorities began to sensitise believers about the desirability of clergymen upholding sexual abstinence. To achieve this, they provided a series of questions on this subject to ask during church visits. The visitors were supposed to ask the parishioners whether the parson or vicar lived in abstinence, or whether he kept any suspicious-looking women at home. Moreover, the visitors asked directly whether the parishioners had information about a priest’s concubines and children born from such a relationship. Various cases of clerical abuses that came to light came before the ecclesiastical courts and the records of these trials constitute a rich source of knowledge about medieval sexuality, not only in the case of parish priests.