Agave plants are perennial evergreen xerophytes of varying diameters and heights. They consist of large, succulent leaves with spines on the edges and one at the tip, as well as a short stem called a “pineapple”. Agave has held significant importance in Mexico since Mesoamerican times due to its divers derived products. Mexico is home to the greatest diversity of these plants, with the Agave genus comprising approximately 200 species and around 119 species are endemic to Mexico. Agave is distributed from the southern United States of America to South America. Today, several Agave species have been found to have multiple uses beyond those previously recognized, including general domestic use, alcoholic beverages, pharmaceuticals, medicinal, the food industry, textile, construction, agricultural, and ornamental purposes. Because Agave is not a plant used directly for human consumption, there have been limited initiatives for improving and selecting desirable characteristics in Agave. However, some successful results have been reported in plant mother selection, massive propagation, micropropagation and various biotechnological applications. Although there are numerous studies addressed to study the genetic variability of Agaves, not enough information has been generated that can be directly applied in breeding programs. The objective of this chapter is to review the current knowledge of the general biological, botanical, and agroecological characteristics, the products useful for man obtained from Agave; as well as its cultivation in the field, uses, applications, and technological advances, with an emphasis on Agave angustifolia.