The fibers extracted from Agave plants, commonly known as ixtle, henequén, and sisal, hold deep cultural significance in Mexico. These fibers have been a part of human heritage since pre-Hispanic times, at least since 2600 BC, used for clothing, ropes, nets, and other purposes, and are woven into Mexico’s history and customs. However, the production and extraction of these fibers are declining in many communities due to competition with synthetic fibers, the loss of traditional manufacturing knowledge, and the absence of a market, along with the intense labor involved in extracting the fiber using conventional methods. In this chapter, we review all available information (from ecology, cytogenetics, genomics, evolution, tissue culture, crop strategies, and breeding) on Agave marmorata Roezl, a micro-endemic agave species from the Central-Southern states of Puebla and Oaxaca Mexico. A. marmorata is considered a multipurpose species due to its various uses, including as a construction material, live fence, culinary ingredient, fiber production, and its medicinal properties. Traditionally, its primary use has been to produce pulque, a non-distilled fermented drink. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in utilizing this species to create distilled mezcal, such as pitzometl and tepextate. However, the mezcal industry generates hundreds of tons of waste each year, mainly consisting of leaves and bagazo (the leftover fiber after fermentation). Consequently, it is crucial to develop strategies to reuse and repurpose this raw material. By rediscovering the ancestral uses of A. marmorata, we can diversify production methods, seek sustainable agricultural practices, and effectively manage waste from both pulque and mezcal production.