Conventional breeding methods have helped sorghum to be considerably better recently. Still, there is potential for rising Sorghum output overall using modern genetic engineering approaches to identify and introduce new genes improving yield and tolerance against biotic and abiotic challenges. Since sorghum is an enemy, developing genetically modified plants in a lab becomes a difficult chore. The creation of a useful and economically feasible result depends on stable and effective genomic transformation to generate transgenic plants. Plant genetic transformation driven by Agrobacterium is the most widely used method. Advances in Agrobacterium-mediated sorghum transformation have led to several genetically modified technologies like recombinant protein overexpression, RNAi-mediated target gene knockdown, and target genome editing for genetic enhancement. New genome-editing technologies have, nevertheless, made some progress in the forward direction. This chapter addresses the benefits of contemporary genetic technologies for strengthening desired features as well as the method of genetically upgrading sorghum using tissue culture-dependent genetic transformation. Additionally, this chapter provides an overview of the botanical classification and distribution, diversity and conservation of sorghum germplasm, importance and uses, domestication, selection and early improvements, breeding objectives, traditional breeding methodologies, the role of biotechnology, mutation breeding, tissue culture applications, genetic engineering and enhanced traits.