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This chapter focuses on Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indian hemp), a perennial Apocynaceae species renowned for its tolerance to saline, drought, and cold environments, alongside its traditional medicinal uses (e.g., treating dropsy and snakebites). Despite its recent introduction to China, its untapped ecological and economic potential drives our molecular breeding initiative. We present the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of A. cannabinum (260 Mb, anchored to 11 chromosomes; scaffold N50: 21.16 Mb), achieved through an integrated multi-platform approach combining Illumina HiSeq, SMRT long-read sequencing, 10X Genomics linked reads, and Hi-C chromatin interaction data. Genome annotation identified 22,793 protein-coding genes, with 95.6% functionally annotated, 92.3% containing conserved domains, and 78.7% mapped to known metabolic pathways, underscoring functional completeness. Comparative genomics revealed a speciation event 35.8 million years ago (confidence interval: 27.0–46.9 million years), providing an evolutionary framework for adaptive trait analysis. The genome elucidates gene family expansions linked to stress tolerance (e.g., salt/drought-responsive genes) and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, offering molecular targets for trait enhancement. This resource enables marker-assisted breeding, pathway engineering for medicinal compounds, and cross-species comparisons within Apocynaceae. By decoding genetic and evolutionary bases of its resilience and therapeutic properties, the study accelerates precision breeding to optimize A. cannabinum for cultivation in marginal lands and pharmaceutical applications. The genome also serves as a model for related medicinal plants, bridging genomic innovation with agricultural and industrial utilization. In summary, this work establishes A. cannabinum’s genomic foundation, driving molecular breeding to harness its ecological adaptability and economic potential. It underscores the synergy of advanced sequencing technologies in transforming underutilized species into sustainable resources for climate-resilient agriculture and bioactive compound production.

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Molecular Breeding Fundamental of Indian Hemp (Apocynum cannabinum L.)

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Guoqi Li,
  • Yanyun Chen,
  • Yin Yi,
  • Li Jiang

摘要

This chapter focuses on Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indian hemp), a perennial Apocynaceae species renowned for its tolerance to saline, drought, and cold environments, alongside its traditional medicinal uses (e.g., treating dropsy and snakebites). Despite its recent introduction to China, its untapped ecological and economic potential drives our molecular breeding initiative. We present the first high-quality, chromosome-level genome assembly of A. cannabinum (260 Mb, anchored to 11 chromosomes; scaffold N50: 21.16 Mb), achieved through an integrated multi-platform approach combining Illumina HiSeq, SMRT long-read sequencing, 10X Genomics linked reads, and Hi-C chromatin interaction data. Genome annotation identified 22,793 protein-coding genes, with 95.6% functionally annotated, 92.3% containing conserved domains, and 78.7% mapped to known metabolic pathways, underscoring functional completeness. Comparative genomics revealed a speciation event 35.8 million years ago (confidence interval: 27.0–46.9 million years), providing an evolutionary framework for adaptive trait analysis. The genome elucidates gene family expansions linked to stress tolerance (e.g., salt/drought-responsive genes) and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, offering molecular targets for trait enhancement. This resource enables marker-assisted breeding, pathway engineering for medicinal compounds, and cross-species comparisons within Apocynaceae. By decoding genetic and evolutionary bases of its resilience and therapeutic properties, the study accelerates precision breeding to optimize A. cannabinum for cultivation in marginal lands and pharmaceutical applications. The genome also serves as a model for related medicinal plants, bridging genomic innovation with agricultural and industrial utilization. In summary, this work establishes A. cannabinum’s genomic foundation, driving molecular breeding to harness its ecological adaptability and economic potential. It underscores the synergy of advanced sequencing technologies in transforming underutilized species into sustainable resources for climate-resilient agriculture and bioactive compound production.