The Majority of bamboo species render numerous applications and socio-economic relevance for people in rural areas of many Asian countries. It belongs to the Bambusoideae subfamily, which includes both woody and herbaceous bamboo. Bamboo is an ecologically sustainable option for achieving food and energy security. It can thrive in a variety of environments, including degraded lands, making it valuable for land restoration and preventing soil erosion. Bamboo can be propagated using vegetative organs like rhizomes, culms, and branches, in addition to seeds. Despite its versatility, there exists a dearth of knowledge about bamboo breeding, hindering its optimal and sustainable use as a bioresource. Breeding or genetically modified bamboo is challenging owing to issues such as the plant’s perennial nature, rare flowering events and monocarpic behavior. Additionally, bamboo cultivators often face threats from various stresses, causing vegetation loss. Improving breeding technologies for bamboo would greatly benefit industrial, agronomical and ecological needs. This chapter reviews the recent status and advancements in bamboo breeding and discusses the potential for enhancing existing breeding practices.