Social work plays an important role in critical disaster response, centralized resettlement, recovery and reconstruction, and long-term prevention. Its role is mainly reflected in alleviating the psychological pressure of the affected people, repairing damaged social relations, and providing precise assistance to residents who are trapped due to disasters. Based on the post-disaster social work practice of the 7.20 flood disaster in Henan Province, China, this study summarizes and refines the path of improving the resilience of post-disaster communities from the disaster social work practice of emergency relief, centralized resettlement, and recovery and reconstruction in three different periods. Specifically, the framework of community resilience improvement model is constructed from the micro to the macro from three dimensions: resilience subject, improvement mode, and resilience goal. The study finds that social work can meet the needs of different groups at all stages of disasters, enhance community resilience, and explore an effective mode of social work participation in grassroots governance under abnormal conditions based on full-cycle disaster management. On this basis, this chapter summarizes and reflects on the optimization of community resilience in a set of professional practice models suitable for post-disaster social work, in order to improve community resilience.