This chapter introduces the Grand Challenges for Social Work initiative in the United States and the social context that led to its development. It presents a strategic framework for addressing complex social issues, including environmental and societal change, globalization, social disaggregation, and challenges unique to the U.S. society. Through national collaboration and professional networks, the initiative has identified 14 grand challenges aimed at promoting social justice and enhancing human well-being. Drawing on this U.S. model, the chapter explores how a similar strategic approach could inform the development of China’s social work profession in the context of rapid urbanization, demographic shifts, environmental pressures, and rising social inequality. The chapter concludes by discussing the implications of lessons learned from the United States and proposing potential grand challenges for the development of professional social work in China.