Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) combines ancient mindfulness practices with the structured approaches of modern Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), creating an effective intervention for preventing depressive relapse and addressing a wide range of psychological conditions. The authors explore MBCT’s development from its Eastern spiritual origins to its validation in Western clinical contexts. They discuss the dual theoretical frameworks underpinning MBCT, highlighting how it shifts the individual’s relationship with thoughts instead of altering thought content. A summary of key empirical evidence supporting MBCT’s effectiveness is provided, while noting critical inquiries into its efficacy. The evolution of MBCT into programmes like Mindfulness for Life and Mindful Mood Balance is discussed. Furthermore, challenges such as ensuring instructor competence and boosting adherence to mindfulness practices are noted, illustrating the need for continuous research and methodological innovation in its implementation.