Despite growing recognition of the importance of gender diversity in leadership, the unique impact of female leadership on financial resilience in innovation-driven enterprises remains underexplored. This chapter makes a novel contribution by examining how female involvement in leadership roles moderates the relationship between financial resilience and financial distress in innovation-driven enterprises. Drawing on data from 1560 enterprises listed on China’s ChiNext and STAR Market Boards between 2010 and 2023, our findings reveal that financial resilience, whether short-term, long-term, or integrated, significantly reduces financial distress. In addition, the involvement of women in leadership, measured by the proportion of females in senior management roles, serves as a key moderator, strengthening the positive impact of financial resilience on reducing distress, particularly in enterprises with higher female representation in leadership. Our research addresses the critical gap in gender studies by showing how women at the helm can catalyze stability in innovation-driven enterprises. By highlighting the strategic importance of gender diversity in leadership, our study advocates for policy frameworks that recognize and support the role of women in driving sustainable economic growth and financial resilience.