Female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common health condition that decreases quality of life. The midurethral sling (MUS) is considered by many as the standard of care for surgical treatment of SUI. Although the MUS procedure is minimally morbid and offers short operating times, there are several urinary tract complications from the surgery. These include intraoperative complications such as urinary tract injury (urethra, bladder neck, bladder, and ureters), and postoperative adverse sequelae such as urinary tract infection (UTI), lower urinary tract dysfunction, bladder outlet obstruction, mesh-related pain, and sexual dysfunction. Mesh perforation, erosion, and urinary fistulae can also present postoperatively with variable symptomatology. It is imperative that surgeons employ intraoperative cystoscopy and maintain a high index of suspicion for both intraoperative and postoperative complications.