Digital gaming has emerged as a powerful context for cognitive development and learning, engaging diverse mental processes through interactive and immersive environments. This chapter explores how different video game genres, particularly action and strategy games, contribute to enhancing cognitive skills such as visuospatial abilities, problem-solving, cognitive flexibility, and executive functions. It also addresses the impact of player profiles and motivation on cognitive outcomes and highlights the educational potential of active learning embedded within games. Additionally, the chapter discusses the cognitive dimensions of E-sports and emphasizes the importance of balancing gaming with offline activities for holistic development. Finally, it outlines strategies for players, developers, and researchers to optimize the cognitive benefits of gaming while critically examining methodological challenges and future research directions.