Online teaching platforms frequently encounter issues with multiple users accessing the system simultaneously, leading to user requests being blocked or delayed and resulting in insufficient system throughput. To address these challenges, a design for an autonomous learning network online teaching system under an intelligent cloud architecture is proposed. In terms of hardware design, advanced hardware devices are integrated to create the autonomous learning network online teaching system. For software design, an efficient teaching resource storage system is developed using intelligent cloud architecture, which unifies and stores various teaching resources. These resources are then effectively integrated to form a rich and diverse teaching resource library. A real-time interactive teaching platform is designed to serve as a bridge for communication between learners and teachers. To enhance system response speed and user experience, advanced caching and data compression technologies are employed to optimize the data retrieval process, allowing learners to access and use teaching resources more smoothly. System testing results demonstrate that the designed system possesses adequate throughput capacity to handle high concurrent access demands, enabling users to participate in and complete learning tasks in real-time.