With the development and application of robot technology in the industrial field, terminal logistics and distribution robot technology plays an increasingly important role in the field of intelligent logistics. The purpose of this study is to explore the design and optimization of terminal logistics and distribution robot systems to improve logistics and distribution efficiency, reduce costs, and meet the growing demand for distribution. In terms of robot navigation and perception, the safe and efficient movement of robots in complex environments is realized through the realization of panoramic calibration, automatic navigation, path planning and other technologies. Experimental verification shows that the designed terminal logistics distribution system can achieve effective autonomous distribution and stable and reliable operation, which will provide a reference for the development of terminal logistics and promote the intelligent and efficient development of logistics system.