The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI)Artificial Intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and cybersecurity tools has ushered in an era of unprecedented technological transformation. However, these innovations also pose significant security challenges due to their dual-use nature—originally designed for civilian applications, they can be repurposed for militaryMilitary, surveillance, and cyber warfare activities. This article explores the complexities of governing dual-use digital technologiesDigital technologies by examining their implications for global security, economic competitiveness, and ethicalEthical governanceGovernance. It highlights the increasing role of digitalization, AI, and IT in accelerating dual-useDual-use research and underscores the urgent need for robust governance, risk, and complianceCompliance (GRC) frameworks. Key areas of focus include the effectiveness of current international regulations, the roles of government agencies, industry leaders, and academia, as well as ethical dilemmas surrounding academic freedomAcademic freedom and securitySecurity concerns. Additionally, the article assesses the risks posed by AI-driven cyber threats, misinformationMisinformation campaigns, and autonomous cyber weapons while analyzing compliance challenges and regulatory gaps. Through a comprehensive review of existing policies and emerging AI safety guidelines, this study provides strategic recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. Ultimately, it calls for a balanced approach that fosters innovation while mitigating securitySecurity threats, ensuring that dual-use digital technologiesDigital technologies contribute to societal progress rather than exacerbating global instability.