The surge in electric vehicle adoption will inevitably lead to rapid growth of end-of-life vehicles and spentLithium-ion batteries lithium-ion batteriesBatteries (LIBs). RecyclingRecycling these LIBs is imperative forEnvironmental sustainability environmental sustainabilitySustainability and unlocking their economic potential, while ensuring a consistent supplySupply of materials for future battery production. Developing recycling technologies that are both cost-effective and environmentally sustainableSustainable is essential for addressing the challenges of managing battery manufacturing scrap and end-of-lifeLithium-ion batteries lithium-ion batteries. RecyclingRecycling efforts to recover lithiumLithium salts from spent LIBs are still in their early stages, with significant technical and operational obstacles to be overcome. Currently, various methods, such as pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, andDirect recycling direct recyclingRecycling processes, are being employed and actively advanced by researchers to improve their performance and feasibility. This study investigates the industrial-scale hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical processes for recycling lithiumLithium from end-of-life LIBs to provide a comprehensive analysis of their cost and environmental impactsEnvironmental impact. This study aims at establishing a baseline for emerging recyclingRecycling technologies for lithium by studying the commercial recycling processes and examining their different unit processes with a process-level understanding. By assessing emerging recycling methods in EverBatt, an excel-based cost and environmental impactEnvironmental impact analysis model for battery recyclingRecycling process and supplySupply chain, this study identifies critical drivers and barriers to process scale-up, such as economic hurdles, material recovery rates and operational scalability, alongside environmental hotspots like greenhouse gas emissions and energy use.