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The globalBenign energy transition has increased the demandDemand for critical mineralsCritical minerals, including lithiumLithium (Li), prompting interest in recovering them from underclayUnderclay coal waste. This study aims to determine the most efficient mild-lixiviant when combined with mechanical activationMechanical activation at bench scale to maximize lithium recovery from underclay. Water-leachingLeaching experiments (at 75 °C) on mechanically activated underclay yielded low recoveries of up to 24%, constrained by LiLithium encapsulation within insoluble mineral matrices. Organic acidOrganic acid leaching tests using citric, oxalic, and DL-malic acids (0.5 and 1.0 M) at 75 °C achieved nearly 100% Li extraction after 4 h. DL-malic and oxalic acids were effective, outperforming citric acid, a result attributed to their lower acid dissociation constants (pKa) and enhanced metalMetal complexation ability. This research demonstrates the potential of mechanical activation combined with organic acidsOrganic acid as a sustainableSustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional mineral-acid-based processes for recovering Li from coal waste underclay.

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Environmentally Benign Extraction of Lithium from Underclay Coal Waste

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Patrick Abban Sarpong,
  • Thandazile Moyo-Mahlangu

摘要

The globalBenign energy transition has increased the demandDemand for critical mineralsCritical minerals, including lithiumLithium (Li), prompting interest in recovering them from underclayUnderclay coal waste. This study aims to determine the most efficient mild-lixiviant when combined with mechanical activationMechanical activation at bench scale to maximize lithium recovery from underclay. Water-leachingLeaching experiments (at 75 °C) on mechanically activated underclay yielded low recoveries of up to 24%, constrained by LiLithium encapsulation within insoluble mineral matrices. Organic acidOrganic acid leaching tests using citric, oxalic, and DL-malic acids (0.5 and 1.0 M) at 75 °C achieved nearly 100% Li extraction after 4 h. DL-malic and oxalic acids were effective, outperforming citric acid, a result attributed to their lower acid dissociation constants (pKa) and enhanced metalMetal complexation ability. This research demonstrates the potential of mechanical activation combined with organic acidsOrganic acid as a sustainableSustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional mineral-acid-based processes for recovering Li from coal waste underclay.