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Critical metalsCritical metalslike galliumGallium play essential roles in various high-tech applications, from electronics to renewable energy systems. However, limited natural availability and complex extraction processes create significant challenges. Conventional recyclingRecycling methods for gallium often suffer from low selectivity, high costs, and environmental drawbacks, underscoring the need for more sustainableSustainable recovery techniques. This study presents a novel method for gallium recovery from waste streams and leaching solutions using the microbial metabolite siderophoreSiderophore Desferrioxamine B (DFOB), immobilized in sodium alginate through a Ca2⁺ cross-linking method. By leveraging the unique metal-binding affinity of siderophores combined with the stability and ease of handling provided by alginate hydrogels, this approach aims to enhance metalMetalrecoveryMetal recovery efficiency while minimizing environmental impactsEnvironmental impact. The immobilizationImmobilization conditions of DFOB in alginate were optimized by adjusting parameters such as alginate, siderophoreSiderophore, and Ca2⁺ concentrations, as well as immobilization time, which increased the loading efficiency from below 20% to over 80%. Under optimal conditions, the immobilized DFOB-alginate beads achieved over 98% recovery of galliumGallium from 100 ppm Ga solutions within 24 h. Additionally, selectivity tests using synthetic solutions containing nickelNickel, cobaltCobalt, and aluminumAluminum showed that the siderophore-alginate beads exhibited a high selectivity for gallium, particularly over the divalent ions of nickel and cobalt. This enhanced selectivity is attributed to the specific chelation structure of DFOB, where hydroxamate functional groups play a crucial role in gallium binding. Compared to alternative adsorbents, the immobilized siderophoresSiderophore in alginate hydrogels demonstrated superior selectivity and higher adsorption capacity for galliumGallium, offering a sustainableSustainable and low-impact solution for its recovery. The findings of this study pave the way for utilizing siderophores in eco-friendly technologies for recovering variousCritical metal recoverycritical metalsCritical metalsfrom leachingLeaching solutions and waste streams.

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An Eco-Friendly Approach for Gallium Recovery from Aqueous Solutions Using Immobilized Siderophores

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nazanin Bahaloo-Horeh,
  • Lan Van Leeuwen,
  • Farzaneh Sadri

摘要

Critical metalsCritical metalslike galliumGallium play essential roles in various high-tech applications, from electronics to renewable energy systems. However, limited natural availability and complex extraction processes create significant challenges. Conventional recyclingRecycling methods for gallium often suffer from low selectivity, high costs, and environmental drawbacks, underscoring the need for more sustainableSustainable recovery techniques. This study presents a novel method for gallium recovery from waste streams and leaching solutions using the microbial metabolite siderophoreSiderophore Desferrioxamine B (DFOB), immobilized in sodium alginate through a Ca2⁺ cross-linking method. By leveraging the unique metal-binding affinity of siderophores combined with the stability and ease of handling provided by alginate hydrogels, this approach aims to enhance metalMetalrecoveryMetal recovery efficiency while minimizing environmental impactsEnvironmental impact. The immobilizationImmobilization conditions of DFOB in alginate were optimized by adjusting parameters such as alginate, siderophoreSiderophore, and Ca2⁺ concentrations, as well as immobilization time, which increased the loading efficiency from below 20% to over 80%. Under optimal conditions, the immobilized DFOB-alginate beads achieved over 98% recovery of galliumGallium from 100 ppm Ga solutions within 24 h. Additionally, selectivity tests using synthetic solutions containing nickelNickel, cobaltCobalt, and aluminumAluminum showed that the siderophore-alginate beads exhibited a high selectivity for gallium, particularly over the divalent ions of nickel and cobalt. This enhanced selectivity is attributed to the specific chelation structure of DFOB, where hydroxamate functional groups play a crucial role in gallium binding. Compared to alternative adsorbents, the immobilized siderophoresSiderophore in alginate hydrogels demonstrated superior selectivity and higher adsorption capacity for galliumGallium, offering a sustainableSustainable and low-impact solution for its recovery. The findings of this study pave the way for utilizing siderophores in eco-friendly technologies for recovering variousCritical metal recoverycritical metalsCritical metalsfrom leachingLeaching solutions and waste streams.