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This work reported the experimental liquidusLiquidus studies of the ternary Ni–Sn–S system. It aims to improve the existing thermodynamic prediction power in a 20-component system for complex pyrometallurgical processes during refining, recyclingRecycling, and recovery stages. An elevated temperature equilibration and quenching in brine techniques were adopted, followed by direct elemental measurements of the quenched phases using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) equipped with wavelength dispersive spectrometers. The accuracy of the work was ensured by 4-point assessments. MatteMatte (SnS- and NiS-rich), liquid metalMetals, S-free MeX (Ni1+xSn), Ni3Sn (high- and low-temperature), FCC-Ni, Sn-containing β-Ni3S2Β-Ni3S2, Ni1−xS (Ni-pyrrhotite), NiS2, Ni3Sn4, SnS, Sn2S3, SnS2, and Ni3Sn2S2Ni3Sn2S2, along with their primary phase fields, were found. The miscibility gapMiscibility gap expands from the Sn–S binary to the Ni-rich side with two saddle points. Ni3Sn2S2Ni3Sn2S2 is an incongruently melting ternary compound with low compositional variation (stoichiometric) at liquidusLiquidus. Nineteen invariant reactions (syntectic, peritectic, quasi-peritectic, and eutectic types) and seven saddle points were determined.

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Experimental Liquidus Studies of the Ternary Ni–Sn–S System

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Modassir Akhtar,
  • Maksym Shevchenko,
  • Evgueni Jak

摘要

This work reported the experimental liquidusLiquidus studies of the ternary Ni–Sn–S system. It aims to improve the existing thermodynamic prediction power in a 20-component system for complex pyrometallurgical processes during refining, recyclingRecycling, and recovery stages. An elevated temperature equilibration and quenching in brine techniques were adopted, followed by direct elemental measurements of the quenched phases using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) equipped with wavelength dispersive spectrometers. The accuracy of the work was ensured by 4-point assessments. MatteMatte (SnS- and NiS-rich), liquid metalMetals, S-free MeX (Ni1+xSn), Ni3Sn (high- and low-temperature), FCC-Ni, Sn-containing β-Ni3S2Β-Ni3S2, Ni1−xS (Ni-pyrrhotite), NiS2, Ni3Sn4, SnS, Sn2S3, SnS2, and Ni3Sn2S2Ni3Sn2S2, along with their primary phase fields, were found. The miscibility gapMiscibility gap expands from the Sn–S binary to the Ni-rich side with two saddle points. Ni3Sn2S2Ni3Sn2S2 is an incongruently melting ternary compound with low compositional variation (stoichiometric) at liquidusLiquidus. Nineteen invariant reactions (syntectic, peritectic, quasi-peritectic, and eutectic types) and seven saddle points were determined.