The Piauí Nickel Project, Brejo Seco Deposit, and the Application of Heap Leaching: An Overview of the Deposit Characteristics and Its Potential for Technology Implementation
摘要
Heap leachingLeaching is a low costLow cost and inherently low carbonLow carbon footprintCarbon footprint process to recover nickelNickel and cobaltCobalt from laterite oresLaterite ore. In comparison with other processingProcessing methods for lateritesLaterites, it is a simple decoupled process that has a straightforward ramp-up to steady state productionProductions, allowing both lower capital and operating costs. Located in north-eastern Brazil, Brazilian NickelNickel’s (BRN) Piauí Nickel ProjectPiauí nickel project (PNP) heap leachHeap leach operation aims to be the first large scale commercial nickelNickel and cobaltCobalt heap leachHeap leach facility in the world. A small-scale commercial plant, the PNP 1000, produced first nickelNickel product in June 2022 and operated for 18 months producing mixed hydroxide product (MHP), which was qualified and sold to the electric vehicleElectric Vehicles (EVs) (EVElectric Vehicles (EVs)) market. The next scale of operations will be construction of the full scale plant to produce circa 25,000 tonnes per annum (tpa) NickelNickel (Ni) and 1000 tpa CobaltCobalt (Co) contained in an MHPMixed Hydroxide Precipitate (MHP). The PNP uses ion exchangeIon exchange technologyTechnology to separate and concentrate the value metalsMetals resulting in an MHP with less impurities and higher nickelNickel grades than MHP from high-pressure acidAcid leachingLeaching productionProductions. The MHP produced at PNP, containing nickelNickel and cobaltCobalt, is now the preferred product for the EVElectric Vehicles (EVs) batteryBattery market. MHP is easily re-dissolved, either to form sulphates or direct to precursor, for the cathode active materials for the EVElectric Vehicles (EVs) batteriesBattery. Advantages of heap leachingLeaching for EVElectric Vehicles (EVs) batteryBattery raw materials include lower capital intensity, lower operating costs, smaller environmentalEnvironmental footprint and reduced CO2 emissions. On the latter, the PNP has been independently benchmarked and will potentially produce one of the lowest carbon-intensity products in the nickelNickel industry, and BRN is looking at innovative ways to reduce or eliminate the CO2 emissions with a view to becoming a net carbon zero or even carbon negative producer. This results in the productionProductions of high-quality, sustainable nickelNickel and cobaltCobalt for the energy transition.