The televising of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) between 1996 and 1998 constitutes an extraordinary period in the country’s short television history. Viewers were exposed, often for the first time, to many of the brutalities of the country’s apartheid past through live broadcasts, dedicated nightly news segments and the weekly investigative documentary Special Report. Although journalists are now central participants in transitional justice procedures, South Africa’s TRC was the first heavily mediatised truth commission. In a sense, what was reported on television was as important as the findings of the final report. Through an analysis of archival footage of the Special Report episodes as well as interviews with journalists, this chapter examines the role that television played in executing the Commission’s mandate, “to report to the nation”. What is the relationship between media and transitional justice procedures, and how did the truth commission impact public perceptions of the national broadcaster? I argue that news values and audience expectations distorted perceptions of the Commission’s activities, and that this had both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, the South African Broadcasting Corporation’s spotlight on particular stories exacerbated the TRC’s “narrow” focus on bodily integrity rights. On the other hand, the focus on police activities meant that television helped the Commission to fulfil the public’s expectation that the TRC would put apartheid on trial, overcoming many of the legal loopholes that prevented it from doing so. Importantly, televising the TRC also gave the broadcaster the opportunity to visibly demonstrate its own transformation in the post-apartheid period.

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Televising “Truth”: The Implications of Broadcasting South Africa’s TRC

  • Martha Evans

摘要

The televising of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) between 1996 and 1998 constitutes an extraordinary period in the country’s short television history. Viewers were exposed, often for the first time, to many of the brutalities of the country’s apartheid past through live broadcasts, dedicated nightly news segments and the weekly investigative documentary Special Report. Although journalists are now central participants in transitional justice procedures, South Africa’s TRC was the first heavily mediatised truth commission. In a sense, what was reported on television was as important as the findings of the final report. Through an analysis of archival footage of the Special Report episodes as well as interviews with journalists, this chapter examines the role that television played in executing the Commission’s mandate, “to report to the nation”. What is the relationship between media and transitional justice procedures, and how did the truth commission impact public perceptions of the national broadcaster? I argue that news values and audience expectations distorted perceptions of the Commission’s activities, and that this had both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, the South African Broadcasting Corporation’s spotlight on particular stories exacerbated the TRC’s “narrow” focus on bodily integrity rights. On the other hand, the focus on police activities meant that television helped the Commission to fulfil the public’s expectation that the TRC would put apartheid on trial, overcoming many of the legal loopholes that prevented it from doing so. Importantly, televising the TRC also gave the broadcaster the opportunity to visibly demonstrate its own transformation in the post-apartheid period.