The priority task of modern economic science is to search for a new vision on the issues of managing sustainable development of the industrial complex as an advanced link in scientific, technological and economic development, which justifies the importance and relevance of the topic of the article. The aim of the research is to study the trends of sustainable industrial development in the Russian economic system based on the use of economic and mathematical modeling tools. To conduct the study, in particular in the issues of modeling, the methods of descriptive statistics were used (calculation of average values of indicators, mode, median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, asymmetry, excess, range of variation). To build economic and mathematical models describing trends and patterns of sustainable development of industry, a regression model and correlation diagrams were utilized. In general, the trends in Russian industry correspond to global trends and show an increase in industrial activity, with the exception of some negative aspects (a decrease in the share of knowledge-intensive and high-tech products in GDP in recent years, a slowdown in the growth rate of industrial production). A stable relationship was revealed between the growth of the share of knowledge-intensive and high-tech products in GDP and a decrease in the energy intensity of the Russian economy. The dynamics of industrial production in the Russian economy is characterized as stable and has a positive value, despite the recovery from the pandemic and the effects of anti-Russian sanctions; differentiation in industrial production among subtypes of economic activity is increasing; the manufacturing sector is steadily securing its leading role in the industrial development of the economy; the processes of growth in production efficiency are intensifying based on the use of an integrated lean manufacturing methodology through the transformation of corporate thinking, changes in management methods, modification of production processes and value creation models. The practical significance of the study lies in the development of analytical tools for assessing development trends in relation to Russian industry, which can be used in the development and improvement of programs for the structural modernization of the Russian economy and the implementation of technological sovereignty projects.