Silence and Rhetorical Questions in the Daodejing
摘要
This chapter examines the idea of silent teaching in the Daodejing from the perspective of “rhetorical questions” (RQs). Yuan disagrees with reading silence in opposition to language and debate. The Daodejing shows that the importance of silence in RQs does not lie in telling people what ought to be done. Instead, RQs repeat the literary expressions already present in propositions that we put forward within the same context, calling for a recognition of the proposition’s universal validity without directly uttering it. Thus, silence invoked by RQs reveals the authority of knowledge. Arguments elicited through RQs confront audiences with problematic actions and choices that violate accepted principles. Thus, they demonstrate the emotive power of the arguments. RQs invoke new conceptual images. Their use anticipates an awareness of a more prevalent use of a shared image while inviting readers to entertain the new construction of that conceptual image. The Daodejing criticizes language oppositions and conceptual contrasts. Within this context, RQs invite a reflective attitude, leaving questions and answers open. RQs evoke a conversational feeling and facilitate a sense of self-discovery.