Over recent years, the dwindling of natural freshwater resources has become a global environmental challenge. Having noticed the elevated demand for freshwater, desalination plays a pivotal role in fulfilling this need from saline water, particularly in areas where freshwater resources are scarce. Qatar, as one of the GCC’s fastest-growing economies, is home to almost 2.8 million people, has a GDP growth rate of around 2%, and consumes relatively 50 million cubic meters of water monthly. Despite the state warnings, low annual precipitation below 75 mm, and significant evaporation rate, the consumption rate is still considered high. In this regard, the main objective of the current research is to evaluate the practicality of saline water bio-desalination through employing microalgae and CO2 absorption, a sustainable and energy-efficient alternative to desalinating brackish and seawater. The water produced for the bio-desalination process can be used for agricultural and municipal purposes, while valuable bio-products can be simultaneously produced during microalgae growth. In addition, employing local resources and microalgae which possess higher tolerance to elevated salinity and CO2 levels, as well as developing an optimized growth media which enhances microalgae productivity, is investigated in this research. By mitigating CO2 emissions and usable water provision alongside valuable byproducts, the results of this project can impactfully contribute to a more sustainable future for Qatar.