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Antimony (Sb), commonly used as a catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, poses potential health risks when leached into drinking water. This study analyzed Sb concentrations in PET bottled water, focusing on samples stored from local and international brands for varying durations. Analysis results of the PET bottle materials showed Sb concentrations ranging from 106.4 to 248.8 mg/kg, with Sb levels in new water bottles ranging from 0.22 to 1.09 ppb, increasing to 0.26–1.77 ppb after eight months. International brands noted elevated concentrations due to structural requirements for shipping and environmental factors affecting leaching. Additionally, sunlight exposure further exacerbated Sb leaching, highlighting climate change’s role in water quality degradation. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced monitoring of bottled water quality and implementing sustainable practices in PET production and distribution.

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Understanding the Leaching of Antimony from Commercially Bottled Water: Perspective on the Effect of Use Conditions and Associated Risks

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mahmoud Bataineh,
  • Sohayla El Mokadem,
  • Anika Fajutagana,
  • Ravi Rangarajan

摘要

Antimony (Sb), commonly used as a catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics, poses potential health risks when leached into drinking water. This study analyzed Sb concentrations in PET bottled water, focusing on samples stored from local and international brands for varying durations. Analysis results of the PET bottle materials showed Sb concentrations ranging from 106.4 to 248.8 mg/kg, with Sb levels in new water bottles ranging from 0.22 to 1.09 ppb, increasing to 0.26–1.77 ppb after eight months. International brands noted elevated concentrations due to structural requirements for shipping and environmental factors affecting leaching. Additionally, sunlight exposure further exacerbated Sb leaching, highlighting climate change’s role in water quality degradation. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced monitoring of bottled water quality and implementing sustainable practices in PET production and distribution.