The devastating impacts of climate change on Zambia’s socio-economic development cannot be overemphasised. However, the abundance of critical minerals offers a significant opportunity for economic development and participation in the global green energy transition. On the other hand, the participation in the global green transition reinforces and/or escalates existing socio-ecological challenges that include food and water insecurities among the communities. It is clear the critical minerals are essential for modern technologies and industries, and Zambia possesses significant reserves of these minerals, and mining is a vital sector for Zambia's economy, but current practices often have negative environmental and social consequences. To that end, responsible mining practices and robust regulations are essential, and stakeholder engagement is vital for finding sustainable solutions. Promoting responsible sourcing, environmental mitigation measures, and investment in innovative technologies can minimize the negative impacts of mining. The government should strengthen the regulatory framework for mining operations, water resources and agriculture through an inclusive process, including enforcement mechanisms and addressing gap as they are critical. Transparency and accountability in the mining sector should be promoted as it plays an essential part for building trust with stakeholders. The Zambian government should enhance research and development of sustainable mining practices are necessary to reduce the environmental footprint of the industry. By addressing these challenges and promoting responsible and sustainable mining practices, Zambia can leverage its critical minerals for economic growth while minimizing environmental and social impacts as it will ensure long-term benefits for the country and its people.