This research investigates the impact of supply chain advancements, such as blockchain and cold chain systems, on enhancing Qatar’s food security. These technologies are critical for a country that relies on imports for approximately 90% of its food supply and is vulnerable to disruptions, such as the 2017 blockade. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative regression analysis and qualitative interviews with industry experts to provide a comprehensive understanding. Regression analysis demonstrates a positive correlation between Supply Chain Efficiency (SCE) and Food Security (FS), showing that a 1-point increase in SCE can lead to a 0.42-point increase in FS. Cross-validation between quantitative data and interview themes was conducted to ensure reliability. The qualitative analysis highlights barriers, such as high costs and limited technical expertise, and demonstrates the benefits of blockchain in reducing food waste by 10% through improved transparency and traceability. Cold chain systems have ensured a steady supply of high-quality perishable items. Despite these advancements, Qatar’s reliance on imported food remains a significant risk. To address this challenge, the study advocates for a balanced approach combining technological innovations with strategies for boosting local food production, ensuring long-term resilience. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers to design strategies integrating supply chain advancements with localized agricultural development. The study’s approach can be compared with blockchain initiatives in regions like sub-Saharan Africa, which have enhanced food supply transparency. Future research should explore the socioeconomic impacts of blockchain technology on suppliers and conduct comparative studies with nations facing similar food security challenges.