Africa’s growing population has been identified as a climate change stressor that will significantly negatively impact the continent due to projected warming and rainfall deficits and the population’s vulnerability, especially regarding food insecurity. Based on the exigencies of climate change and its low capacity for adaptation, Africa appears to be the most exposed to the vulnerabilities of extreme weather and climate effects because it relies on rain-fed agriculture. This paper links the fundamental causes of food insecurity to inadequate food production compounded by the fragility of food production systems and climate risk, water for irrigation and information access. Tragically, projections over the next century indicate that an increase in temperature and concomitant warming in Africa will exceed the global annual mean, with an average increase of 3–4 °C. To address this impact of climate risk on Africa and ensure food security, this paper also explored the paradox that African nations are among the lightest polluters worldwide yet suffer the most from climate change in their pursuit of water, food security, and sustainable development. Therefore, in this paper, efforts were made to establish a linkage and relationships between climate change and population, climate change and food security. It also presented strategic options for climate action in Africa and the need for climate action centred around climate change information, adaptation and mitigation.