Amphibian diversification in the tropical and subtropical high mountains in the Andean has aroused the curiosity of naturalists and researchers since the first expeditions of the Europeans in America. A variety of hypotheses have been proposed to explain amphibian occurrence at high elevations, focusing mainly on biogeographic, geological, and phylogenetic evidence. Biological advances have guided research on adaptations to extreme environments, such as the functional capacity of organisms to cope with the stressors present in ecosystems. Low and freezing temperatures are strong stressors in high mountains, and it seems that the evolution of high Andean amphibians includes adaptations that, in several lineages, have helped to overcome the absence of environmental heat, which is a crucial resource for ectotherms. This chapter discusses ecological, behavioral, and physiological strategies and their mechanisms associated with survival at low temperatures in Andean amphibians. We connect these strategies and mechanisms with thermal conditions of the high Andean ecosystems, where latitude, altitude, and slope orientation and moisture determine the circannual or circadian patterns of freezing periods.