This chapter is devoted to supply chain resilience modeling. This chapter begins with a classification of modeling methods and an explanation of their applications and managerial insights. Subsequently, this chapter introduces some modeling examples and presents some optimization and simulation techniques to identify the impacts of disruptions on supply chain performance (i.e., to answer the question “what happened?”) and explain them (i.e., to answer the question “why it happened?”). Moreover, this chapter also considers supply chain optimization to answer the question “how to recover?”