Integrating Interventional Oncology with Other Cancer Treatment Options for Bone Tumors: Pain Management
摘要
Oncologic pain is a significant clinical issue affecting a large proportion of cancer patients, particularly in advanced stages of the disease. Its management requires a comprehensive approach that combines pharmacological treatments with advanced interventional strategies. Interventional techniques include sympathetic and neurolytic nerve blocks, such as celiac plexus, ganglion impar, superior hypogastric plexus, and stellate ganglion blocks, as well as spinal neuromodulation. These interventions, guided by ultrasound, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography (CT), allow for precise pain control with a minimally invasive approach. Radiofrequency has proven effective in managing osteoarticular pain in patients with bone metastases, while intrathecal therapy has emerged as a key option for refractory pain treatment, enabling the administration of reduced opioid doses and minimizing adverse effects. The most commonly used drugs in intrathecal analgesia include morphine, ziconotide, and bupivacaine, among others. Additionally, chemical nerve injury with alcohol or phenol provides prolonged relief in patients with severe visceral pain. In conclusion, integrating interventional procedures into oncologic pain management not only optimizes pain control but also improves patients’ quality of life by reducing opioid dependence and its associated side effects. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to delivering personalized and effective treatment in this patient population. All of this will be further developed throughout this chapter.